新作|都市中心再生长:Salesforce塔楼及客运中心 / PCPA佩里·克拉克·佩里建筑师事务所

Salesforce塔楼及其底部的Salesforce客运中心整体效果  ©Steelblue

经过十年的打造，佩里·克拉克·佩里建筑师事务所（Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects，PCPA）新作，旧金山最高楼、美国西海岸第二高楼Salesforce塔楼于2018年伊始部分投入运营。Salesforce客运中心、屋顶花园和塔楼是PCPA在旧金山市中心的一系列重要项目，融合了规划、建筑、交通、景观领域。位于湾区的客运中心和毗邻塔楼同时打造，，。与低密度、低层、依赖私家车的郊区化发展不同，这是一个都市中心再生、植根公共交通、协调高密度高层与可持续宜居体验的城市宣言。

Salesforce Transit Center, Salesforce Park, and Salesforce Tower, the suite of major projects in downtown San Francisco by Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects, are a new paradigm for urban design in the United States.  Considered the “Grand Central of the West,” the Salesforce Transit Center and the adjacent Salesforce Tower—the city’s tallest building—illustrate how a dense, downtown, transit-based development can provide a sustainable and livable alternative to low-rise, low-density, and sprawled suburban campuses.

 

Salesforce项目位于美国加利福尼亚州旧金山市，，与金融街一街之隔，与旧金山-奥克兰海湾大桥为邻。塔楼面朝大海，总建筑面积约13万平方米，世界500强企业、硅谷高科技公司Salesforce入驻并冠名。Salesforce客运中心地上、地下共计5层，入驻11种交通系统，交通枢纽面积超过100万平方英尺。塔楼与客运中心是旧金山环湾再开发计划的核心部分，为整个旧金山创造出2.7万个工作岗位。

The project is located in San Francisco, California, and is adjacent to the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. Facing the ocean, Salesforce Tower is now the office of Salesforce.com. At the 5th floor, Salesforce Tower connects directly to the Salesforce Transit Center, which will house 11 Bay Area transit systems, including the future high-speed rail to Los Angeles. The tower and the transit center are the centerpiece of the San Francisco Transbay redevelopment plan – they have rejuvenated the Transbay neighborhood; once fully complete it will create 27,000 jobs in San Francisco.

©PCPA

©PCPA

©Steelblue

326米高的Salesforce塔楼呈经典的方尖碑样式，60层从下至上逐渐收分，形成了修长挺拔的体量。在近处可以清晰看到水平和垂直的遮阳片由近及远逐渐变浅，凸显出塔楼四角弧线的玻璃。墙面越过顶楼，形成了一个通透的冠顶，消融在天际之中。塔冠在夜晚煜煜生辉，在旧金山湾区的天际线中格外耀眼。

Standing 326 meters (1,070 feet) tall, the Salesforce Tower has the simple, timeless form of an obelisk, giving the 61-story tower a slender, tapering silhouette. These horizontal and vertical accents gradually taper in depth to accentuate the curved glass corners. The walls rise past the top floor to form a transparent crown that appears to dissolve into the sky.The walls rise past the top floor to form a transparent crown that appears to dissolve into the sky. Carved into the tower top is a vertical facet that will be lit at night.

©Tim Griffith

遮阳片  ©PCPA

©Salesforce

Salesforce塔楼是旧金山天际线上靓丽的风景线  ©Tim Griffith

在Salesforce塔楼的底部是Salesforce客运中心。当你从附近的街区抵达，首先映入眼帘的是连绵起伏的幕墙，角钢柱结构若隐若现，好似漂浮在街面上，给人以优雅、明亮和友好的印象。

Sitting at the base of the Salesforce Tower is the Salesforce Transit Center. A gently undulating wall, floating above the street on angled steel columns, will be visible from afar, creating a graceful, luminous, and welcoming image.

©Steelblue

客运中心的外墙创新地采用了“潘罗斯铺砖法”，它来自于著名数学家罗杰·潘罗斯1974年的设计，被演绎为这一连续、柔软、通风透光的建筑表皮。

The innovative screen of Salesforce Transit Center features a groundbreaking geometric pattern known as “Penrose Tiling” to let in air and natural light，based on a pattern contributed by famed mathematician Sir Roger Penrose.

©PCPA

©Kyle Jeffers

©Vttioria Zupicich

随着人群走进客运中心的内部，你一定会对第一眼看到的大型天窗印象深刻。天窗置于温暖明亮的首层空间，客运中心每一层充足的自然光，就是得益于天窗的设计，这是本项目可持续性的一大亮点。最大的天窗取名“光柱”（Light Columns），有36米高。

Arriving at the Main Lobby through a bustling square, the Grand Hall, a two-story, one-square-block public room filled with sunlight greets visitors. Public art, integrated into the architecture of the Transit Center will further enhance the public experience in the focal center of the building.

©Steelblue

夹层是热闹的商业设施。首层和夹层皆有大型自动扶梯可以直达二层公交层，搭乘公交。

The Mezzanine Level connects the ground floor and bus deck floor while offices anchor the other end of this building creating separate and distinct user groups.

首层平面图  ©PCPA

夹层平面图  ©PCPA

©Steelblue

公交层拥有一套高效的单向环形车道系统。，车道在其外围一圈。，从两侧上下客，车辆随后可从客运中心西端的公交车道驶离。

The Bus Deck Level of the Salesforce Transit Center is a highly efficient one-way path.Buses will load and off-load passengers from this central island. The bus deck level will connect to the bus ramp at the western end of the Transit Center.

 

公交层平面图  ©PCPA

顶层的屋顶花园是整个Salesforce客运中心的点睛之笔，也是开放的城市客厅。旧金山市民、周边居民租户、换乘乘客以及游客，都有机会体验这横跨5个街区，长达400英尺的屋顶花园——从沙丘到湿地再到树林，它浓缩着湾区多样的生态。

The Transit Center will feature “City Park,” a public 5.4-acre rooftop park. The park will present a wide variety of Bay Area ecologies, from dunes to wetlands to woodlands.

屋顶花园  ©Salesforce Transit Center Retail

在绿化之外，屋顶花园还充满许多惊喜：屋顶包括一个可容纳1000人的圆形露天剧场，咖啡店，儿童游戏场，以及若干安静的阅读区、用餐区、简易的休憩交谈区等，动静相宜。细心的观察者还会发现一些设计师准备的“小彩蛋”，比如花园两侧的喷泉会与下层车辆的驶入驶离联动、起舞。

The 1,400-foot long elevated park will host a wide range of activities and amenities, including an outdoor amphitheater, gardens, trails, open grass areas, and children’s play space, as well as a restaurant and cafe.A 1,200-foot-long Bus Jet Fountain—a feature in which buses moving through the terminal trigger jets of water in the park above.

©Steelblue

屋顶花园层平面图  ©PCPA

，连接首层与火车站层，为商业、售票、自行车停放空间。通过“光柱” ，延续了地面明亮温暖的氛围。在地下二层，可通过三个站台搭乘火车，六条铁轨分别服务于加州火车系统（Caltrain）和加州高铁系统（California High-Speed Rail）。

The lower concourse level will serve as the passenger connection between the ground floor and train station platform. Space will be provided along the public concourse for retail, ticketing and bike storage. The train station platform will be located two levels below the ground level. It will contain three passenger platforms that will accommodate six train tracks for Caltrain and California High-Speed Rail.

地下一层  ©Steelblue

地下二层  ©Steelblue

地下一层平面图  ©PCPA

地下二层平面图  ©PCPA

在塔楼及客运中心外，Salesforce项目还引发着如下思考：

The suite of Salesforce projects has demonstrated a new paradigm for urban design that goes beyond the buildings themselves:

| 都市中心的再生长 |

项目所在地原是始建于1939年的环湾汽车车站。当时的车站楼及其漫长的环形高架坡道占据了大量面积，割裂城市肌理，并封锁了高密度开发的可能性。

Constructed in 1939, the original bus terminal was low and gray and offered little of the charm of older terminals nor the visionary spirit of its modern contemporaries. A large elevated bus ramp led from the Bay Bridge to the original Transbay Bus Terminal and enclosed the surrounding blocks, stifling the neighborhood’s growth.

 

1939年的环湾车站楼  ©TJPA

经改造后，旧车站楼和汽车坡道均被拆除，功能不减反增，但地块面积通过整合得以解放，作为可建设用地，为整个社区创造更大的财政、商业和公共价值。

With the development of Salesforce Transit Center and alterations to the bus ramp, the city fabric has been restored and a new mixed-use neighborhood is free to develop.

©PCPA

蓝色部分为街区内新建地块，其中Salesforce Tower为天际线中至高点  ©PCPA

在硅谷，不少企业建设项目均位于郊区；而环湾地区的再开发却着眼城市，为更高、更密集、更可持续发展的市中心区未来建设开辟了一条新的道路。高密度的发展方式，鼓励人与人近距离的互动，是增进交流、激发创意的关键所在；同时，相对于横向扩展，高密度集约化规划产生的碳排放要少得多，自然也是促进绿色城市建设的重要手段。

While so many recent corporate developments in the Bay Area have been located in the suburbs, drawing workers out from the city neighborhoods where they prefer to live, the now burgeoning Transbay District offers an alternative. Tall buildings – a number of which are already under design and construction, will line the Salesforce Transit Center, adding density to the heart of the new urban neighborhood, promoting fluid exchange of ideas, public transit and efficient use of resources.

 

Salesforce的两座建筑代表了城市环境下公私合作和可持续发展的新方法。 旧金山市创建了一个特殊机构——Transbay Joint Powers Authority——负责环湾地区再开发的财务和管理工作。TJPA在对土地采取重新集约利用，在打造公共交通枢纽的同时，释放了周围街区的活力和潜力，吸引私立开发商，再塑湾区的黄金地块。

It also demonstrates how a combination of public development and private enterprise can contribute positively to a dense central downtown district. Many of the properties scheduled for development are controlled by the Transbay Joint Powers Authority, the agency created by San Francisco to finance and manage the project.

©PCPA

| 坚守城市公共性 |

客运中心在横跨5个街区的同时，仍保持路面街道的畅通，面向公众开放的屋顶公园将开设不止12个入口点，并可与周围建筑通过连桥互通。塔楼和客运中心直接连通，更是围合出一个新的街面广场“Mission Square”，鼓励建筑与城市的共生。

The Salesforce Transit Center allows the existing streets to pass under it, while the Salesforce Park will have over a dozen entry points, potentially including bridges to surrounding buildings. Salesforce Transit Center and Salesforce Tower link together and form a street-level plaza known as Mission Square at the corner of Mission and Fremont Streets.

 

夜幕降临，客运中心绽放柔和温暖的光芒，使周围的街区活跃起来。热闹的商店、咖啡馆、富有勃勃生机的花园都将这里变成一个开放的目的地，坚守着城市公共性和24小时的活力。

In evening, the Transit Center will glow softly, providing warmth, animating the streets that surround it. Lively stores and cafes – and the Park above – will make the project a destination for all San Franciscans.

©Steelblue

 

| 面向未来的可持续设计 |

Salesforce项目是旧金山的一个绿色门户。在台前，不同的使用者都能在城市中心近距离地体验到可持续设计给生活带来的 “那一抹绿” 。在幕后，客运中心引入了最新环保技术，包括世界上最大的地热供暖及冷却系统之一，以及供雨水再利用的综合水循环处理系统等。

The architectural design of the Salesforce projects celebrates a considerable commitment to environmental quality and sustainability. In the dense urban center, they present a grand and green entrance of San Francisco that befits its status as one of the world’s greatest cities.The Salesforce Transit Center has an ambitious program of sustainable design and technology, from one of the world’s largest geothermal heating and cooling systems to comprehensive water-retention and recycling programs.

©Hines

屋顶花园引入大量植被，是都市的绿肺，既能过滤颗粒物净化空气，又能创造自然降温、减少热岛效应、收集雨水并进行生态过滤。

The landscape and generous planting program in the Salesforce Park contributes to removing air pollution, providing shade, reducing urban heat island effect and rainwater collection and attenuation.

©PCPA

塔楼通过金属遮阳格栅、高性能玻璃幕墙节能减排。客运中心的通透表皮使得自然通风成为可能，在提供天然供暖和降温的同时，得以疏散公交车的废气。

The Salesforce Tower features integrated metal sunshades, and high performance, low-emissivity glass to help to reduce energy use. Natural Ventilation is an essential part of the Transit Center’s deign, allowing it to passively warm and cool itself and process the exhaust of the buses.

©PCPA

此外值得一提的是，在全球水资源稀缺的大环境下，客运中心一年可节水3.5万立方米，水量足以填满144个奥林匹克泳池。而建筑年耗能比加州能源委员会颁布的2008年第24号节能标准还要低25%。

The Salesforce Transit Center will also conserve 9.5 million gallons of water each year, enough to fill 144 Olympic size swimming pools. The building’s annual energy consumption is projected to be up to 25 percent lower than the 2008 Title 24 Energy Efficiency Standards.

©PCPA

Salesforce塔楼的设计旨在满足目前高科技创新企业的使用需求，并考虑到了未来行业、技术、环境的变化，采用了架高地板、高性能玻璃幕墙、灵活分割组合的办公室格局。在办公室内引入部分绿植，构建人、建筑、自然之间的联系与平衡。

Future-proofing will be a high priority for Salesforce Tower. The incorporation of raised floor, high-performance envelope, and a flexible plan strives to accommodate incoming industrial, technological and environmental change. Planting within the workplace caters to the wellbeing of the inhabitants.

Salesforce 项目印证了中国的一句古话： “十年磨一剑” 。从2007年国际竞赛揭幕，到2017年项目的即将完工，恰好十年。这是一个开放友好且人性化的大型基建项目，它支持着城市的公共环境，立足于城市，耕耘一个高密度、持久环保的都市未来。

The Salesforce project confirms an old Chinese saying: "It takes ten years to grind a sword." From the winning of the competition in 2007, to putting the project into use in 2017, it has been exactly 10 years. PCPA has put a lot of effort in this project, showing the ways that large-scale infrastructure can be humanized, open, friendly, supportive of the public realm, and welcoming to a wide range of users. Salesforce invests in the city and points the way to a taller, denser, more sustainable future.

©PCPA

©Vittoria Zupicich

项目地点：美国加利福尼亚州旧金山市
项目面积：13万平方米（塔楼）/1.4万平方米（客运中心）
建筑设计： Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects
竣工年份：2018年
Project Location: San Francisco, California, USA
Project Area: 130,000m2 (Tower) / 14,000m2 (Transit Center)
Architectural Design: Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects
Year of Completion: 2018

编辑 | 原源

校对 | 镡旭璐（实习生）

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本文已获佩里·克拉克·佩里建筑事务所授权，版权归原机构所有。

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