1. 有关恐龙的研究——恐龙是热血动物还是冷血动物。这篇文章的话题和TPO的Warm-blooded turtle有点类似。另外，如果考过ACT的同学发现这篇文章的内容和ACT的某篇自然科学内容几乎一致：主要说了有些人认为恐龙是热血的，因为恐龙运动量大，外热提供不了很多能量。有人认为恐龙是冷血动物，进行反驳。
2. 工业革命——这个话题应该是比较常见的，不管是在TPO还是真题中。这篇文章主要讲解工业革命的影响：工具代替人力，劳动技能的分工，工厂的发展，贫富差距等等。
3. 珊瑚的形成和来源——the origin of coral reefs. 原文如下：
4. 德国的工业化发展——German industrialization in the nineteenth century. 德国的铁路伴随着铁矿的发展，能源的发展和经济发展相互促进。
本周出现的词汇题汇总：
viable
adjoining
deteriorate
terminate
exact
compelling
constrain=force
thoroughly=carefully
contemporary
fine-tuning=controlled
undoubtedly
reinforce
founding
essential
mature
function
progressive
subsequent
vigorous
prevail
substantially
initiate
dwelling
accomplish
intermediate
Suspect
3月10日
综合点评
今天的考试延续了去年常考的几大高频话题，如果背景词汇准备充分的话，应该不会特别陌生。所以大家平时一定要玩命记单词，认真刷笔记啊！
conversation
话题分类：学生和工作人员
内容回忆：女生想换宿舍，宿管中心找不到，因为路牌被人拿走了，她和朋友想住一起，但是没分到一起，可能是她朋友交申请比她晚三周，她室友很好，两个解决办法，一个等三周重新申请，一个就是两个宿舍的人交换，她要回去跟室友商量一下。
参考听力：TPO14-C1
话题分类：学生和工作人员
内容回忆：预约了讨论室但是书被挪走了，管理员会去问问循环desk的工作人员
参考听力：TPO16-conversation1
话题分类：学生和工作人员
内容回忆：举了T-shirt 例子，两个队员在比赛不能和教授讨论，只能在dinning hall 调研
参考听力：TPO15 －conversation2
lecture：
话题分类：考古类
内容回忆：古生物学恐龙的一个组织干嘛用的，2个假说哪个正确 第二个好像是2007提出，2010年提到一个分子是可以产生颜色的,用鹦鹉说明这一点，因此最后否定c开头假说因为无色
参考听力：TPO34-lecture1
话题分类：天文学
内容回忆：meteoroid是什么，由什么决定到达地球。提到date技术，最重要的一点是能够预测未来的形势
参考听力：TPO42-lecture2
话题分类：环境
内容回忆：环境工程学，减轻温室效应，使得云 denser to ref| ect heat。运用一个概念(打在黑板上)考点:为什么提到 computer/这个东西能帮助云怎么样/有个东西的特性选两个/建造hall
参考听力：TPO11-lecture3
话题分类：生物学
内容回忆：动物怎么防止被天敌追捕，有三个方法，一个是放信号，同伴就很快反应就可以逃跑了，举了船队的例子，第二个方法是herd分散逃跑，天敌就不知道追哪一个了，举了斑马的例子。第三个是群体数量足够大？（不太记得了），说这个方法只有很少的证据支撑，所以不能下定论。
参考听力：TPO23-lecture3；TPO30-lecture3
话题分类：心理学
内容回忆：学持续思考，非持续思考对于简单选择的影响，考点是用选择学校举例说明简单复杂选择，在四分钟内做出买车决定试验证明简单选择四个因素，复杂12个，还有一个考点是为什么非持续思考能够更好地做出复杂选择
参考听力：TPO2-lecure1 TPO10-lecture4；
话题分类：学生和工作人员
内容回忆：举了T-shirt 例子，两个队员在比赛不能和教授讨论，只能在dinning hall 调研
参考听力：TPO15 －conversation2
3月11日
难度点评
今天的考试延续了去年常考的几大高频话题，如果背景词汇准备充分的话，应该不会特别陌生。所以大家平时一定要玩命记单词，认真刷笔记啊！
conversation
话题分类：学生和工作人员
内容回忆：一个女生和cafeteria工作人员建议设计个app，一个女生和cafeteria工作人员提建议，工作人员先夸了这个女生一番，女生表示我来给你个意见，现在的学生关心的是食物从来哪的，营养如何管理员说以前学生只关心的how much，女生表示是一种另类的how much，管理员说学生可以在网站上查啊，女生:你们网站字太小，需要个app，我同学可以做
参考听力：TPO6-c1
话题分类：学生和院长
内容回忆：学生去找院长申请一个campus program，想为学院设立一个信息中心 ，为一年级学生找工作提供便利，但是院长说学校不是有网站可以给学生提供这样的信息，但是学生说不太合适，院长又说这得花钱，建议学生先提交一个预算。
话题分类：学生和工作人员
内容回忆：学生建议建一个hall给新生提供各种信息
lecture：
话题分类：动物类
内容回忆：教授说我们观察到动物使用工具的习惯，动物对工具的使用也是分物种的。她提到一种鸟叫rock，它会使用工具。教授说了两个实验，都是关于这种鸟使用工具的实验，一个是把这种鸟分成两组一组让他们用石头在放有幼虫（larve）水里捕捉幼虫，但是水不够深，有两只就会用给的石头将石头沉入水中，这样水就自己浮上来，就吃饭了幼虫。另外一个实验也是关于这种鸟，他们能用树枝stick.
参考听力：TPO9-lecture4
话题分类：教育学
内容回忆：关于教育，尤其是艺术教育，教授提到了一个典范，叫黑山大学black mountain unversity，它始建于1930s，提倡不建立教学行政机构，学生和同学平等，还提出了跨学科的教育理念，即将自然科学与艺术想融合，但是它太过不寻常，在1957年不得不关闭。
参考听力：TPO49-lecture2
话题分类：艺术史
内容回忆：内容是关于艺术史 教授说大家看了古罗马艺术展了吧，里面的一个雕像大家映像深刻，还有一个叫bronze statue的雕塑也很不错，但是教授说这些都是复刻版的。他还提到了一个人叫 Emmil Girllron 就是他复刻了这些伟大的雕塑，还提到了他只是复刻原品的一部分。
参考听力：TPOextra2-lecture1
话题分类：生物学
内容回忆：动物怎么防止被天敌追捕，有三个方法，一个是放信号，同伴就很快反应就可以逃跑了，举了船队的例子，第二个方法是herd分散逃跑，天敌就不知道追哪一个了，举了斑马的例子。第三个是群体数量足够大？（不太记得了），说这个方法只有很少的证据支撑，所以不能下定论。
参考听力：TPO23-lecture3；TPO30-lecture3
话题分类：生物学
内容回忆：海豚用一种basket形状的海绵帮助他吃一种鱼，讨论了这种行为是一种使用工具的行为还是其他的行为。比如玩，然后讲了这种鱼的特殊性。这种鱼很肥，而且藏在sharp石堆里，而且不能用回声定位。
参考听力：TPO23-lecture3；TPO30-lecture3
话题分类：天文学
内容回忆：双星多星模式
参考听力：TPO2-lecure4
3月10日
Task 1
内容回忆：
Your friend is going to visit your country, what kind of transportation tools would you suggest him use?
见语音sample answer
Task 2
内容回忆：
Your city is going to build a factory which can provide lots of job opportunities, but it’ll contaminate the area. Do you think it’s a good idea?
题目解析：
涉及常见的涉及环保的话题，可以谈污染的危害性。
例句:Disagree, this idea is very short-sighted.1 Air pollution,contaminated underground water, consequently, a series of problems will be caused, asthma, lung cancerand, some other problems. 2 in short term, job opportunities can help the local people a lot , but the local environment will be permanently contaminated.
3月11日
Task 1
内容回忆：
Here are three benefits of smart phones to students , which do you think is the best ?
1.Taking photos
2.listening to the music
3.recording courses
题目解析：
重复2016年10月15 日原题 ,三个选项说起来应该都不难.以拍照为例:
例句 : It benefits students in a variety of ways :
1.in class, with teacher’s permission , students can take pictures of the class content , since sometimes there is a lot , they may not be able to take notes .
2 .Help them record their lives , taking photos is a great way to record the happiest moment in life . Many years from now , the picture you took could probably be the only connection between you and the past .
Task2
内容回忆：
Some parents think they should protect students from making mistakes. some think they should let them make mistakes. What do you think?
题目解析：
Protecting from making mistakes:
1 Students should know right from wrong, ‘Dos’ and Don’ts ‘ when they are very young , everyone should be responsible for the consequence of the mistakes he or she made , and those mistakes ,some are minor ones which are forgivable , some are not .
2.Some students, they don’t learn from mistakes, they get used to them.
Let students make mistakes:
1.Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
2.If you haven’t made any mistakes, it probably means that you haven’t tried anything.
3.举例：学习准备一个错题本，review the mistakes before exam , it could be very helpful .
写作
3月10日
综合写作
【重复16年1月9日考题】
Should mercury be prohibited from use in dental repairs?
阅读：
Health Concerns
First, mercury has long been known to have adverse effects on human health. Some experts consider it possible that the small amounts of mercury in the amalgam used to repair a tooth can, over long periods of time, enter a person’s central nervous system, potentially causing neurological, psychological, and immunological problems.
Pollution Problems
Second, waterways in the United States and the wildlife in them are being harmed by mercury contamination. The escape of amalgam waste from dentists’ offices is responsible for a large percentage of the mercury contamination in waterways in the United States. Amalgam waste is washed down the dentists’ office drains and into sewer systems that empty into lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water. Ultimately, the mercury in this amalgam ends up at the bottom of lakes and rivers; there, bacteria transform it into methyl mercury, a form of mercury that is especially harmful to wildlife.
Alternatives Available
Third, dental repairs can be made without exposing people and animals to the dangers of mercury. Alternative materials such as gold, porcelain, and resin are widely available. Many dentists are now recommending that those or other materials be used instead of amalgam.
听力：
The reading greatly exaggerates the dangers of using dental amalgam. An amalgam is in some ways preferable to the alternative materials that the reading proposes using.
First, the dangers to human health, research studies have shown that the very, very small amounts of mercury that a person might have absorb over years from dental amalgam are very unlikely to be harmful. The exposure level is just too low to cause trouble. The only people proven to have suffered bad health consequences as a result of dental amalgam are people who are allergic to mercury. Fortunately, allergic reactions are rare. Only fifty cases have been documented out of millions and millions of patients. So the vast majority of the population can safely have amalgam fillings without any concern about too much exposure to mercury.
Second, the environmental hazard, you know, there’s a device called a separator. A separator is a type of filter that fits inside a drain through which waste water passes. The separator collects solid material, including amalgam, as water passes through it, so that the material collected by the separator can later be disposed of safely. Using separators drastically reduces the amount of mercury released into the sewage system. Requiring all dentists to equip their offices with separators will almost completely prevent amalgam from contaminating bodies of water with mercury alloy.
Third, amalgam has many advantages over possible replacement materials. It’s less sensitive to moisture, which is important right? After all, the inside of the human mouth is constantly wet and dental repairs may with amalgam tend to last longer than others do. Finally alternative materials, especially gold, tend to more expensive per unit. By some estimates, dental costs for people in the United States would increase by twelve billion dollars a year if amalgam were eliminated as an option.
Which one is the most important factor to help you work productively?
1. Having an environment which is free of noise and distractions
2. Knowing that you will receive a reward
3. Doing something you are interested in
点评：
综合写作重复16年1月9日考题，是我在寒假的真题刷题班课堂已经讲过的原题，是非常典型的规范性研究，阅读材料围绕三个点展开论述：
1.水银补牙有害健康
2.水银补牙有害环境
3.有替代品可以替代水银用来补牙；
听力材料围绕三个点展开反驳：
1. 水银补牙对健康的危害较小
2.水银补牙造成的环境危害可以通过分离器解决
3.水银比其他替代品更能适应人体口腔比较湿的环境，且没有其他替代品那么贵。
有话要说
独立写作属于三选一类题材，也是今年考察的第三道三选一类题型，1月份四次考试里面就出现过两次三选一类题型，本月剩下的几场考试依然有可能会出现三选一类题型，大家需要做好充分准备。本次独立写作话题考察的是work类题材，此类题材在一年的考试里面出现的比例一般在8%-14%之间（结合了16-17年的大数据统计）。
解题思路：
Doing something you are interested in
1.be more absorbed in, boost working efficiency
2.be more enthusiastic about/be mentally motivated, boost working efficiency
Concession:
1.Noise and distractions are inevitable in many environments
2.In some cases, to concentrate on what you are engaged in enables an individual to achieve rewards that cannot be easily discovered
3月11日
综合写作
[重复2014.5.17日考题]
The reasons why brain size decreases.
阅读和听力：
Do you agree or disagree: people would meet many problems in their daily life and they would solve them by themselves or from the help of their families; the help from the government is not necessary.
点评：
综合写作重复14年5月17日考题，是比较常规的理论反驳考题，阅读材料围绕三个点展开论述：
1.气候原因—气候变化，温度下降，人体体格变小，大脑体积变小
2.农业原因—人们过去吃的谷物里蛋白质和维生素较少，而大脑的生长需要足够的蛋白质和维生素，所以大脑体积变小
3.肌肉萎缩，大脑体积变小；
听力材料围绕三个点展开反驳：
1. 气候变化不会带来大脑体积的变化，因为气温上升的时候，大脑的体积也没有变大。
2.人们的饮食习惯和生活方式在不同时候是不一样的，但是大脑体积缩小这种现象在全世界都是同时发生的，所以饮食习惯导致大脑体积缩小是不可信的。
3.肌肉萎缩的程度非常小，而大脑萎缩的比例较大，相比之下，肌肉萎缩的程度不足以解释大脑体积的缩小（肌肉萎缩肯定不是主导）。
Do you agree or disagree: people would meet many problems in their daily life and they would solve them by themselves or from the help of their families; the help from the government is not necessary. 【重复2016.11.13】
有话要说
独立写作属于二选一类题材，比较碰巧的是这道题恰好是我在3月11日上午的托福高阶班课堂上所讲的原题，本次独立写作话题考察的是Government类题材，此类题材在一年的考试里面出现的比例一般在4%-10%之间（结合了16-17年的大数据统计），话题篇抽象，对常识要求较高，特别是对于政府职能的理解。
解题思路：
Agree：
the help from the government is not necessary
1.The financial support and manpower from the government are not sufficient enough to help all social members to address their problems.
2.The government is generally responsible for addressing those prominent issues instead of coping with citizens’ family chores.
Concession:
Those seemingly trifling problems, in most cases, result from the unreasonable or unfair policies which should be changed by the government.
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