【科技前瞻】Anal Chim Acta:外泌体蛋白质或可用于肺癌检测

循环外泌体具有大量的生物学信息，已经成为癌症早期检测和诊断最有应用前景的手段之一。近来，越来越多研究表明，人血清和唾液是独特的可用作诊断的体液，这得益于其中含有许多循环的外泌体。所以，亟需建立一套标准化的外泌体分离方法，进而开展转化医学相关的蛋白质组学分析，开发基于外泌体检测分析的人类疾病非入侵性诊断方式。

近日，来自上海交通大学生命科学与技术学院的曹成喜和肖华课题组的研究人员系统比较了血清和唾液中外泌体的蛋白质组。在进行外泌体分离之前，首先需要除去这些体液中的高丰度杂蛋白质，再分离提取外泌体，并通过形态学分析和表面生物标志物检测进一步证实所获得的外泌体的纯度和特征，应用无标记的定量方法系统比较唾液和血清外泌体的蛋白质谱。通过LC-MS/MS测定，研究人员分别从唾液和血清中鉴定出319、994个外泌体蛋白。为了探索其对癌症蛋白质组学的实用性，研究人员系统地比较了健康志愿者和肺癌患者的唾液和血清外泌体蛋白质组差异，结果在肺癌患者的两种体液中，找到了11种潜在的差异候选蛋白。该研究验证了癌症相关蛋白质在唾液和血清外泌体中存在的假说，一旦这些候选蛋白被验证，基于循环外泌体的体液测试将得以被建立起来并最终用于肺癌检测。

推荐阅读原文：

Systematic comparison of exosomal proteomes from human saliva and serum for the detection of lung cancer.

Circulating tumor exosomes harbor plenty of cancer biological information, which have emerged as promising targets for cancer early detection and diagnosis. Human serum and saliva are unique diagnostic body fluids, which contain numerous circulating exosomes. It is necessary to establish standardized isolation method and compare their proteome profiling for translational medicine. High abundant proteins in these body fluids were removed before exosomes isolation and obtained exosomes were further confirmed by morphology analysis and surface biomarker test. Label free quantification was applied to systematically compare the protein profiling in saliva and serum exosomes. 319 and 994 exosomal proteins were identified from saliva and serum by LC-MS/MS, respectively. To explore their utility for cancer proteomics, we systematically compared the proteome of saliva and serum exosomes from healthy subjects and lung cancer patients. In particular, 11 potential candidates were coincidently discovered in both body fluids of lung cancer patients. Our finding enforced the hypothesis that cancer related proteins were presented in saliva and serum exosomes, which promoted the unique features of exosomes in our body fluids. A circulating exosomes based body fluid test could be easily established for monitoring cancer once these candidates were validated.

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